1. RAW MATERIAL INFORMATION –
Raw Material Used: Black Carrot
Botanical Name: Daucus Carota
Species: Sativus
Variety: Atrorubens
Origin: Turkey/ Syria
Cultivation Period: approximately 75 days
Cultivating countries: Grown and consumed in Eastern countries such as Turkey, Afghanistan, Egypt, Pakistan India and the Far East.
Soil: Deep Loose loamy soil, can be done in heavy soil under irrigation.
Season: Winter with temperature range of 15°C to 20°C, in Hilly region from July-February, Plain region from August- January.
Cultivating areas in India: Gorakhpur, Amritsar, Baghpat
Comparison to Other Orange variety carrots:
Black Carrot –
- Colouring Pigment: Anthocyanin and Beta-carotene
- Flavanoids better in anti-oxidant properties
Orange Carrot –
- Colouring Pigment: Beta-carotene and alpha carotene
- Inferior compared to black carrots
Process for Dehydrated Black Carrot Powder :
Steps :
- Receipt of fresh Black Carrot
- Washing, Cleaning
- Grading
- Cutting
- Low temperature dehydration
- Size Reduction
- QC Check
- Packaging and storage
2. HEALTH BENEFITS –
a. Nutritive Value per 100 g of Dehydrated Carrot Powder
| Nutrients | Quantity/100g |
|---|---|
Moisture | 88.8gm |
Protein | 0.7gm |
Fat | 0.5gm |
Carbohydrates | 6.0gm |
Vitamin A | 16705 IU |
Vitamin C | 5.9mg |
Vitamin K | 13.2 µg |
Folates | 19 µg |
Niacin | 0.983mg |
Pantothenic Acid | 0.273mg |
Pyridoxine | 0.138mg |
Riboflavin | 0.058mg |
Thiamine | 0.066mg |
Sodium | 69mg |
Potassium | 320mg |
Calcium | 33g |
Copper | 0.045mg |
Iron | 0.30mg |
Magnesium | 12mg |
Manganese | 0.143mg |
Phosphorous | 35mg |
Selenium | 0.1 µg |
Zinc | 0.24g |
b. Antioxidant:
Black Carrots concentrate has 12 folds more antioxidant properties than the orange carrots varieties. Some studies have also concluded that it has antiradical properties and prevents cancer.
According to research, the pigment anthocyanin in black carrot, responsible for its colour exhibits anti-oxidant properties. Also black carrots contain more beta-carotene than orange or red carrots which further contribute to the antioxidant properties.
- Anti-oxidants help in anti-ageing by removal of oxidizing radicals in body.
- Helps in Chemotherapy where in combats toxins which target healthy cells too. Hence helpful in anti-cancer treatment.
- Helpful in treating of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders.
- Inhibitors of bad cholesterol(LDL)
- Improved vascular health due to lowering LDL and anti-oxidant properties and maintain blood flow stream.
c. Anti-inflammatory properties:
Flavonoids i.e. anthocyanin pigment found in black carrot largely helps to relieve inflammatory reactions in disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. These anti-inflammatory properties found to be stronger than aspirin.
d. Rich Source of Vitamin A:
Helps in maintaining great vision and healthy mucous membrane. Black carrots contain higher total carotenoid content than orange and red varieties of carrot. Beta-carotene which is a pre-cursor for vitamin A is found in black carrots, helps to maintain and retain eyesight.
Carotenoid Properties of Carrot Colors
e. Anti-Fungal and Anti-Bacterial:
It has anti-bacterial and anti-fungicidal properties and oil made from its seed can help control scalp itchiness and provides essential nutrients for hair growth. Thus, high content of antioxidants and combination with selenium helps in prohibiting microbial activity.
f. Detoxifying properties:
Antioxidant properties of Black Carrots help in Detoxification.
g. Healthy Cholesterol Levels:
Black Carrots contain anthocyanins, part of the flavonoid family with antioxidant properties. Flavonoids are currently under investigation as anticancer compounds, as free radical scavengers in living systems, as well as inhibitors of LDL (the bad) cholesterol and the black carrot anthocyanins are especially active.
h. Alzheimer’s disease and Neurological Health:
Research in the March 2011 issue of the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry” notes a correlation between anthocyanins and the potential for treating neurological dysfunctions such as Alzheimer’s disease.
i. Stomach and Liver Health:
Black Carrot Juice cures constipation, stomach disorders and makes the skin healthy and glowing. Owing to its highly fibrous nature, it keeps the alimentary canal clean and regulated.
j. Hair and Skin Care:
Vitamin A + selenium combination is good for hair with respect to hair growth. It promotes hair growth and combat hair thinning.
It acts as a moistening agent and tones up the skin. It is good for treating acne and pigmentation.
3. FOOD PROCESSING BENEFITS –
a. Natural Colorant
Anthocyanins
- Anthocyanins are glycosides of anthocyanidins. (Anthocyanins contain a sugar compound and anthocyanidins don’t contain sugar).
- Anthocyanin is a water soluble pigments that may appear, pink, red, purple, blue according to the pH they are treated to.
- Belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids.
- They are nearly tasteless, odorless, contributing to a mildly astringent sensation.
- They occur mostly in cell vacuole, in flowers and fruits but also in leaves, stems and roots.
- Anthocyanins are considered as secondary metabolites as a food additive with E-number (E163) and INS number 163.
- The anthocyanin in black carrots is stable as compared to the anthocyanin of other vegetables. It is stable in a wide pH range.
- Heat stable, photo insensitive, stable to acid (low pH range). Soluble in water, propylene glycol, ethanol.
- Ideal for natural red colour- water based.
- Wide range of pink-red-purple shades according to the pH added.
- Black carrot concentrate has a good application in food processing as natural colour.
Structure of Anthocyanin :
| Description | ||
|---|---|---|
Colour Shades | pH 3.0 | peach to strawberry red |
pH 4.0 | red | |
pH 5.0 | magenta | |
pH 7.0 | grape | |
Acceptable pH Range | 2.0 - 4.5 | |
Stability | heat | very good |
light | very good | |
acid | very good | |
Forms | powder, liquid | |
Solubility | water, ethanol, propylene glycol | |
Percentage | 0.01 - 0.5% | |
b. Natural Antioxidant:
Black Carrot is a rich source of Flavonoids which helps in preventing oxidation.
c. Natural Preservative:
Black Carrots have proved to be anti-fungal and anti-bacterial.
Industrial Application:
- Can also be used in cosmetics, pharma industry.
- Nutraceutical application owing the health benefits and antioxidant properties exhibited.
- Can be used as natural food additive.
4. SPECIFICATION –
Product: Black Carrot Powder
Origin: Mudhol, Karnataka
| No. | Criteria | Specifications |
|---|---|---|
1. | Physical Form (Powder/ slice/ bits/ flakes/ granules) | Powder |
2. | Manufacturing Process | Partial Vacuum Dehydration |
3. | Mesh Size | 50 mesh |
4. | Moisture (%) at the time of Packaging | >7 |
5. | Nature | Free Flowing but hygroscopic |
6. | Anthocyanins | 75.55 mg/lit. |
7. | Microbiology (As per HACCP norms) | |
TPC | 7 X 108 CFU/g | |
Yeast | 5 X 104 CFU/g | |
Moulds | <10 CFU/g | |
E-coli | Absent in 1 g | |
Salmonella | Absent in 25 g | |
8. | Addition | Nil |
9. | Reconstitution Ratio
(Raw Material: Finish Powder) | 10:1 |
10. | Shelf Life In Sealed Three Layer Film at temperature 20-25oC and 55% Humidity Environment when Stored in cool Place | 12 months |
11. | Selected Raw Material | Fresh Black Carrots |
12. | Colour | Purple |
13. | Price Guidelines | INR 600.00 per kg |
